Which activities should a patient with increased intracranial pressure avoid?

A patient with increased intracranial pressure should avoid activities that can further elevate intracranial pressure. The Valsalva maneuver, which involves forceful exhalation against a closed airway (such as during straining, including when having a bowel movement), increases intrathoracic pressure and subsequently can cause a rise in intracranial pressure. This occurs due to the interference with venous return from the brain, leading to increased pressure within the cranial cavity.

Avoiding this maneuver is particularly important for patients with increased intracranial pressure, as it may exacerbate their condition by contributing to further swelling or a worsening clinical picture. Keeping the head of the bed elevated between 30-35 degrees, along with carefully managing activities that involve coughing or talking, can help mitigate risks and keep intracranial pressure within a safer range.