A client recovering from a head injury has a loss of tongue movement. What is the likely cause?

The loss of tongue movement in a client recovering from a head injury is most likely due to damage to the hypoglossal nerve. This cranial nerve (CN XII) is primarily responsible for controlling the movement of the tongue, including actions such as protrusion, retraction, and movement of food during chewing and swallowing.

When the hypoglossal nerve is damaged, the individual may experience difficulties in articulating speech, swallowing, and may notice weakness or an inability to move the tongue effectively. This is critical because proper tongue movement is vital for various functions, including eating, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene.

While other cranial nerves play important roles in facial sensation, taste, and other motor functions, they are not directly responsible for tongue movement in the same capacity as the hypoglossal nerve. Therefore, the impairment of tongue movement clearly indicates the likelihood of damage to this specific nerve.